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Drug Transfer into Breast Milk   Medications generally enter breast milk via passive diffusion  Transcellular               transverse capillary wall; small non-ionized lipid soluble molecules               ionized molecules and small proteins enter basal part of cell from interstitial water  Intercellular        avoids alveolar cell entirely - large molecules Ig, cow milk protein.   Ionophore  Active transport Factors affecting transfer of drugs into breast milk   maternal serum drug concentration*   molecular weight  degree of protein binding*   relative drug lipophilicity  pKa   half-life  active transport Drug Transfer Cautions and Contraindicated Drugs  Caution  beta-blockers – reports of hypotension, bradycardia   lithium – significant infant serum concentrations (variable)  amiodarone  lamotrigine – decreased metabolism, sig. plasma levels   Contraindicated  Antineoplastics   Radioactive isotopes  Ergotamine

  Building your strength after birth The postpartum period begins after the delivery of the baby and ends when the mother's body has nearly returned to its pre-pregnant state. This period usually lasts six to eight weeks. The postpartum period involves the mother progressing through many changes, both emotionally and physically, while learning how to deal with all the changes and adjustments required with becoming a new mother. The postpartum period also involves the parents learning how to care for their newborn and learning how to function as a changed family unit. A mother needs to take good care of herself to rebuild her strength. You will need plenty of rest, good nutrition, and help during the first few weeks. Rest Every new parent soon learns that babies have different time clocks than adults. A typical newborn awakens about every three hours and needs to be fed, changed, and comforted. Especially if this is their first baby, parents?in particular the

1- Potomac Horse Fever  PHF is an acute enterocolitis syndrome producing mild colic, fever, and diarrhea in horses of all ages, as well as abortion in pregnant mares. CAUSE : Neorickettsia risticii , BACTERIA Signs Of PHF  ·                      loss of appetite ·                      fever ·                      depression ·                      decreased intestinal sounds ·                      diarrhea ·                      mild colic   AND laminitis. DIAGNOSIS : by laboratory identification of the organism in a blood or manure sample from the horse by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TREATMENT : If caught early, it can be treated successfully with oxytetracycline. Prevention:   Several vaccines are commercially available. These might not completely prevent illness, but they may reduce its severity if the horse is exposed to the organism. Consult with your veterinarian to decide the best course of action. 2- Equine Herpesvirus (EHV)/

How does physical activity help?  Research indicates that physical activity is important for the following reasons:  • Promotion of improved general health through • cardiovascular fitness  • mental alertness  • weight control  • improved sleep quality  • improved ability to handle infection  • reduced risk of cancer  • Promotion of maximum bone density  • Promotion of optimal physical function to support independence in daily activities  • Promotion of optimal psychological and social well-being by improving self-confidence and the ability to interact socially with peers.  What should my fitness goals be?  The optimal long-term goal for children with OI is good health and independence in all areas of function (social, educational, self-care, locomotion and recreation) using adaptive devices as needed.  Goals for adults include maintaining independence, preserving bone density and supporting cardiovascular function. To achieve these goals, it is often necessar

Medicine for Diabetes  Diabetes Pills  There are many different types of diabetes pills. Each type of pill works differently to help lower your blood glucose. You may need to take more than one because sometimes drugs work even better when taken together.  Insulin   Many people with type 2 need insulin as time goes on. This is because the body makes less insulin over time. It doesn’t mean your condition is worse or that you are doing something wrong. When you have had diabetes for a while, insulin may become the treatment you need to reach your A1C goal so you feel better and stay healthy. Insulin cannot be taken as a pill. It must be injected or given through a pump. Keeping Track of Medicines  You may be taking a pill or insulin for your diabetes plus pills for other conditions like high blood pressure and high cholesterol. With a pill for this and a pill for that, keeping track can be a lot of work. Stay on top of your medicine schedule:  • Keep an updated lis

Physical Activity  Being active is another part of living healthy and managing diabetes. Any type of physical activity you do will help lower your blood glucose.  Other benefits include:  • Improving your A1C, blood pressure, and cholesterol  • Having more energy  • Relieving stress  • Burning calories to help you lose or maintain your weight  • Keeping your joints flexible  • Increasing your strength  • Improving your balance to prevent fall s  • Lowering your risk for heart disease and stroke Types of physical activity Any activity you do is helpful, so you may as well do things that you enjoy. Exercise with friends and family for even more fun. There are four main categories of activity that all provide important benefits: Aerobic exercise helps to keep your heart strong. Aim to do 30 minutes at least 5 times a week. Start slowly!  • Walking • Aerobics (floor, water, or chair aerobics)  • Bicycling  • Tennis  • Dancing  • Gardening  • Playing with grandchildre

What is your immune system and why is it important?  Each person is born with a system in his/her body to fight off disease caused by bacteria, microbes, viruses, toxins, and even parasites. This is your immune system. Some people have strong immune systems, others do not.  The immune system has many processes with one of three particular jobs to do:  1. stopping disease from entering the body,  2. killing bacteria or viruses once they enter the body but before they make you sick, and  3. destroying viruses and/or bacteria after they have created disease.  The immune system can recognize viruses that have been in your body before. The first time a virus enters your body, a healthy immune system will develop antibodies or other compounds that are designed to attack this virus. The next time this virus enters your body, these antibodies are ready to attack right away.  This is the process that prevents you from getting a disease like chicken pox more than one time.  Mo

Healthy Living Tips  Eating healthy can help you prevent or control type 2 diabetes . • The food you eat should fit in with your family’s eating.  • A diabetes meal plan shouldn’t be very different from a regular, healthy meal plan . • Eat a variety of foods.  • Eat and drink foods low in fat.  • Never skip meals.  • Eat breakfast.  You need something first thing in the morning.  • Eat your meals and snacks at the same time every day. This will help keep your blood sugar in balance.  • Use less salt. Here are some tips for living If you eat at a restaurant and the portions are too large, ask for a carry-home container.  • Keep a food diary. Pay attention to what you eat.  • Shop from a list at the grocery store.  • Don’t go shopping when you’re hungry . • Increase your physical activity to 30 minutes most days.  • Walk more, work in the yard, ride a bike, swim, dance, or play with your family.

OF COURSE ALL OF YOU WANT TO EAT BUT AFRAID OF CALORIES AND GAINING MORE WEIGHT  DO NOT WORRY HERE ARE SOME ADVICES THAT WILL GIVE YOU AGOOD IDEA ABOUT FOOD AND WEIGHT  FIRST : THE FOOD WE EAT IS CONVERTED IN OUR BODIES TO GLUCOSE  EXCEESIVE GLUCOSE ACCUMULATION CAUSE IT TO BE CONVERTED TO FATS AND LIPIDS " MAIN SOURCE OF GAINING WEIGHT "  ALSO : NOT ALL FOODS ARE IN THIS EQUATION THIS ONLY IS FOR SUGARS AND CARBOHYDRATES AND RICE AND WHEAT " BREED " SECOND : ALL VEGETABKES AND FRUITS IS VERY ESSENTIAL TO OUR HEALTH  IT IMPROVE OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM ... NO MATTER THEY AFFECT THE WEIGHT BECAUSE IT IS EFFECT IS SIGNIFICANT ..... SO EAT FRUITS AND VEGETABLES DO NOT BE AFRAID  THIRD : EXERCISE IS VERY IMPORTANT ...... FOR SPORTY BODY AND SLIM MUSCLES ... EXERCISE ALSO BURNS MORE FATS ACCUMULATED IN OUR BODIES  1-2 HOURS DAILY IS VERY EFFICIENT  FOURTH : THE PHYSICAL CONDITION AFFECT ALOT IN WEIGHT  SLIM PEOPLE WILL BE SLIM IF HIS PHYSICAL ATTENTION IS T

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Health Benefits of Olive Oil  Cardiovascular Disease (CDV)  Although higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and legumes provide significant health benefits and protection from CVD, olive oil is independently protective (Grosso et al. 2015). In 2004, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a qualified health claim for olive oil. The Qualified Health Claim Statement reads: “Limited and not conclusive scientific evidence suggests that eating about 2 tablespoons (23 grams) of olive oil daily may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease due to the monounsaturated fat in olive oil. To achieve this possible benefit, olive oil is to replace a similar amount of saturated fat and not increase the total number of calories you eat in a day” (FDA 2014). Only certain foods can be labeled with the qualified health claim for olive oil. These include products that are pure olive oil, salad dressings that contain 6 g or more of olive oil but less than 4 g of saturated fat per refere