TOP 5 DEADLY HORSES DISEASES

1- Potomac Horse Fever

 PHF is an acute enterocolitis syndrome producing mild colic, fever, and diarrhea in horses of all ages, as well as abortion in pregnant mares.

CAUSE : Neorickettsia risticii, BACTERIA

Signs Of PHF 

·                     loss of appetite

·                     fever

·                     depression

·                     decreased intestinal sounds

·                     diarrhea

·                     mild colic

  AND laminitis.

DIAGNOSIS :

by laboratory identification of the organism in a blood or manure sample from the horse by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

TREATMENT :

If caught early, it can be treated successfully with oxytetracycline.

Prevention:

 Several vaccines are commercially available. These might not completely prevent illness, but they may reduce its severity if the horse is exposed to the organism. Consult with your veterinarian to decide the best course of action.

2- Equine Herpesvirus (EHV)/Rhinopneumonitis 

Signs of EHV:

• Nasal discharge
• In coordination
• Hind limb weakness
• Loss of tail tone
• Lethargy
• Urine dribbling
• Head tilt
• Leaning against a fence or wall to maintain balance
• Inability to rise

Prevention:

 There are two things you can do to help prevent an EVH outbreak on your farm:

1.                    Vaccinate: While there are several vaccines available, unfortunately there is no licensed vaccine that has a claim for protection against the neurological strain of the virus (EHM). Consult with your veterinarian for further guidance.

2.                    Implement Biosecurity Practices on your farm. This includes quarantining any new animals on the farm, or those that have traveled recently before introducing them to your herd, and washing instruments such as grooming supplies between use on each animal.

3- Equine Influenza (Flu)

Equine influenza,  is one of the most common infectious diseases of the respiratory tract of horses. This is a highly contagious virus that can be contracted through direct contact with an infected horse or indirectly by contaminated environment. Infected horses incubate the disease for 1-3 days before displaying symptoms, which is why outbreaks can spread so rapidly.  Unfortunately influenza is endemic in the US, which means it circulates continuously in the equine population.

Signs of Equine Influenza

·                     Fever

·                     A harsh, dry cough of sudden onset that persists for 2-3 weeks or more

·                     Clear nasal discharge progressing to thick, green-yellow discharge

·                     Lethargy/depression

·                     Loss of appetite

Prevention: 

Implementing good biosecurity practices including quarantining of newly arrived or traveling horses for at least 14 days. There are also vaccinations available that can be used before exposure. Consult with your veterinarian regarding vaccinating your horse.

4- Streptococcus equi (Strangles)

Strangles is an infectious horse disease characterized by abscessation of the lymphoid tissue of the upper respiratory tract. Streptococcus equi equi, is the bacterium which causes the disease, and is transmitted by direct contact with infected horses or sub-clinical shedders, or indirectly by contact with: water troughs, hoses, feed bunks, pastures, stalls, trailers, tack, grooming equipment, nose wipe cloths or sponges, attendants’ hands and clothing, or insects contaminated with nasal discharge or pus draining from lymph nodes of infected horses.

Signs of Strangles:

·                     Fever (103°–106°F)

·                     Nasal discharge

·                     Depression

·                     Difficulty swallowing

·                     Respiratory noise

·                     Extended head and neck

·                     Swollen lymph nodes

Prevention:

Vaccination is often the best preventive measure for Strangles. Contact your veterinarian for guidance.

5- Tetanus (Lockjaw)

Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetanii which can be found in soil and manure. This bacteria is found in just about every environment, and can survive for long periods of time. Wound contamination is generally what leads to infection; a clean wound is not as likely to result in tetanus.

The tetanus bacteria do not need oxygen  and multiply rapidly in the damaged tissues.  They produce a toxin (tetanus toxin) and it is this neurotoxin that causes the classical signs of tetanus.

Tetanus proves deadly in 50-75% of cases.

Signs of Tetanus:

·                     Muscular stiffness and spasms

·                     Difficulty moving and eating

·                     Tail often held straight out

·                     Development of an anxious expression due to facial spasms

·                     Sweating

·                     In advanced cases the horse will collapse with spasms, convulsions and death from respiratory failure

Prevention: 

Tetanus is a preventable disease, and vaccination is key to prevention. Good first aid practices are also important which include keeping wounds clean and ensuring your turn out areas are safe, clean, and clear of dangerous items that could cause injury. Consult with your veterinarian to ensure you are taking the necessary prevention measures on your farm.